胎作为汽车最重要的零部件之一，几乎是开车一族每天都要接触的东西。但对于大多数人来说，他们真的了解轮胎吗？从橡胶到在路上奔跑的轮胎，它究竟要经历那些步骤。今天我们就来讲一讲轮胎的诞生！
我们知道轮胎体积并不大，但它小小的身躯却能承载几百上千公斤的重量。这足以说明它是科技含量非常高的产品。据相关数据显示，现今制作一条轮胎所需要的原料高达200多种。
密炼产生“胶料”
一条轮胎的主要成分是天然橡胶，其次是炭黑、钢丝帘线、合成橡胶、胎圈钢丝、油料等等。由于每一款轮胎产品都是有差别的，所以每种材料加多加少取决了这款轮胎的性能。准备好了这些材料之后，生产厂家要根据轮胎的牵引力、驾驶性能、路面情况以及轮胎自身的要求进行测试，测试完成之后即可进入密炼阶段。这个阶段是要把前面提到的所有原材料混在一起放到密炼机里进行加工，从而生产出“胶料”。炼出“胶料”之后，还要再对其进行测试。
子午线轮胎原材料构成及比重
制作胶部件
在这道工序里，生产工厂将会做好所有轮胎所需的胎胶部件。一般来说这个工序主要分为六个步骤。这六个阶段分别是：
1、挤出：胶料喂进挤出机头，从而挤出胎面、胎侧/子口和三角胶条等半成品胶部件；
2、压延：帘布制作，即原材料帘线穿过压延机并且帘线的两面都挂上一层较薄的那层胶料；
3、胎圈成型：由于胎圈是由许多根钢丝挂胶以后缠绕而成的，这个步骤是待硫化完以后，将胶料和钢丝能够紧密的贴合到一起经过加工形成胎圈；
4、帘布裁断：帘布的宽度和角度的变化主要取决于轮胎的规格以及轮胎结构设计的要求，此步骤是将帘布裁断成适用的宽度并接好接头；
5、贴三角胶条：在这个工序里，挤出机挤出的三角胶条将被手工贴合到胎圈上；
6、带束层成型：这个工序是生产带束层的。在锭子间里，许多根钢丝通过穿线板出来，再和胶料同时穿过口型板使钢丝两面挂胶。挂胶后带束层被裁断成规定的角度和宽度，宽度和角度大小取决于轮胎规格以及结构设计的要求。
“轮胎”初成
这道工序便是把所有的半成品在成型机上组装成生胎，这里的生胎看上去就像光头胎的模样，这个阶段 “轮胎”已经初步成型了。之后将这种生胎经过各种检查和测试后运送到硫化工序。
成品轮胎
这个步骤硫化机会在适当的条件下将生胎硫化成成品轮胎。过程之后的轮胎已经完全具备了图案/字体以及胎面花纹等全部轮胎的信息。然后，轮胎被送到最终检验区域。
集体“体检”
在这道最终检验的工序里，成品轮胎首先要经过目视外观检查，然后通过“均匀性实验机”来完成均匀性检测。检测指标包括径向力、侧向力、锥力以及波动情况等等。在均匀性检测完之后还要进行动平衡测试。完成之后轮胎还要经过“照X-光”检测，各方面都检测过关之后才能进行最后一步检测。
性能测试
这也是一条轮胎诞生的最后一道工序。这道工序是对各大轮胎厂家对在轮胎出厂前所进行的破坏性抽检试验，检测标准均大同小异，包括压穿强度、耐久性能、脱圈强度等各方面的检测。合格即可流入市场。
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