排气歧管是发动机排气系统上很重要的部件，它连接在气缸盖上，排气门打开时气缸里的废气经过排气歧管汇集到排气管中向外排出。我们平时看到的排气歧管都是下面这张图中的样子。
这是最常见的排气歧管，把每个气缸里的废气引导至排气管。这种排气歧管基本上不会占据很大的地方。
但是还有一些发动机的排气歧管看起来就更夸张了，蜿蜒曲折，每根都特别长，占据了很大的发动机舱空间。究竟为何有这些不同的设计呢？主要还是发动机的设计取向不同。
比如上图是普通的排气歧管，因为发动机工作中存在气门重叠，比如1缸排气末端排气门即将关闭时废气刚好到达排气歧管中心位置，在这里产生了很大的压力。而与此同时3缸排气门逐渐打开即将进入排气冲程，而此时1缸排气气流在排气歧管内形成的压力还未消除，这个压力自然会影响3缸废气的排出效率，这就是“排气干扰”。
为了避免排气干扰设计师就想到了办法：每个气缸使用单独的排气歧管，并且增加其长度，这样排气压力波在到达汇合处时就不会对下一个排气冲程造成干扰了。
因为这样的设计导致排气歧管长度增加，体积增大，为了让有限的发动机舱容纳下这个排气系统所以要对排气歧管进行合理的布置，因此就出现了各种错综复杂蜿蜒曲折的排气歧管。
虽然从以上内容来看似乎越是复杂的排气歧管越高级，其实也并不是这么绝对，主要看需求，有些发动机想要获得某些性能特点就需要考虑排气干扰的影响，因此就要采用复杂的排气歧管设计。而有些发动机即便采用普通排气歧管布局也能够达到预期性能那就没必要再多此一举采取更复杂的方案了。
原创文章，作者：cesifu，如若转载，请注明出处：http://www.cesifu.com/article/41687.html
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