所谓的制动拖滞,是指驾驶员在完全放松制动踏板以后,汽车的制动不能立即解除或不能完全解除,仍然具有相当强度的制动力的现象。比如说汽车的正常制动解除时间一般是0.2~1.0秒,如果制动解除超过了这个时间,基本就可以定义为制动拖滞。具体表现就是松开刹车后汽车仍然在减速行驶,刹车片过热甚至烧蚀。
导致制动拖滞的原因很多,不同型式的制动系统故障的部位也不同。以我们最常见的液压制动系统为例,导致制动拖滞的故障常见原因有:制动踏板没有自由行程,制动踏板回位弹簧折断或丢失、制动总泵故障、制动分泵锈蚀或卡滞、制动蹄支撑销锈蚀、刹车片与刹车盆间隙调整过小、刹车片回位弹簧折断或丢失、刹车油太脏、导致粘度过大使回油困难、轮毂轴承松旷或损坏,等等,对于有ABS系统的车型来说,ABS泵故障也会导致制动拖滞现象。
对于卡车使用的气压制动系统来说,导致制动拖滞的故障常见原因有:制动踏板没有自由行程,制动踏板回位弹簧折断或丢失、制动总泵内部故障、继动阀内部故障、制动系统排气不畅、制动分泵锈蚀或卡滞、制动凸轮轴弯曲、制动蹄支撑销锈蚀、刹车片与刹车盆间隙调整过小、刹车片回位弹簧折断或丢失、手制动阀及继动阀故障,等等。
制动拖滞现象会导致汽车经常处于制动状态,刹车片与刹车盘(或刹车盆)始终在摩擦,生成大量的热,从而导致车轮制动器的烧蚀,严重时甚至会导致汽车自燃;同时它还会增加汽车的行驶阻力,导致汽车油耗增加、加速变慢等,所以有这种现象必须立即修理。绝大多数的制动拖滞故障都是由于制动传动零部件锈蚀导致的,我们把这些部位分解、除锈、润滑,一般就可以解除制动拖滞的故障;对于气压制动系统而言,更容易出现的故障是气压控制系统,比如制动总泵漏气、手制动阀漏气、继动阀漏气,等等,这些零部件一般只能更换,很难修理。
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