1)故障现象
①此响声一般出现在发动机大修后的走合期。即发动机在怠速运转时出现“嗒嗒嗒”声,略像活塞敲缸的声音,而温度升高后,响声不但不消失,反而稍重一些,且有时还带有“吭吭”的声音,发动机稍有抖动现象;
②断火试验仍有响声,但严重拉伤后也出现活塞敲缸响,不过此时做断火试验时响声有减弱;
③拉伤到一定程度时,出现发动机突然熄火现象;
④严重时,从加机油口处往外冒烟。
2)故障原因分析
①活塞与缸壁间隙过小或活塞膨胀系数过大;
②活塞椭圆度不足或反椭圆;
③活塞头部尺寸大,活塞环背隙或端隙过小;
④活塞销与销座孔配合过紧,致使活塞变形胀大;
⑤机油不足或润滑孔道堵塞,润滑不良;
⑥发动机缺水,温度过高;
⑦发动机长时间高速运转,尤其在走合期内;
⑧全浮式活塞销未装锁环,半浮式活塞销固定螺钉未拧紧,活塞销轴向窜动拉缸。
3)检查与修复
①发动机运转中,出现类似敲缸的现象,但声音不是随发动机温度的升高而减弱消失,可初步断定为拉缸响声;
②拆下汽缸盖,检查缸壁的拉伤情况,并找出拉伤原因。如只是由于活塞与缸壁配合较紧而轻微拉伤时,可稍磨一下缸壁,仍可用原活塞装复。
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