车况:一辆行驶里程约12.3万km的 2011年美国X6 xDnve35i车(E71)。该车由于水温高,更换了水泵、无水冷却液、气门室盖垫(渗油),清除了凸轮轴上面的积炭,更换了嘉实多机油:首次启动时转速不定,转速表高低摆动(最高1500r/min左右),五六次后才稳定下来,用X431 PRO进发动机DME系统,检测到故障码:28AO节气门开度一吸管绝对压力,比较:压力过低。
检查分析:由于维修之前试过车,除了水温故障外没有任何关于发动机的故障码,我们考虑在哪里出现问题。留意到这款车对曲轴箱内的真空度要求高,但我们更换气门室盖垫的操作无任何问题,蓄电池也没有断过电(节气门也没有清洗),进气歧管也没有拆过。仔细检查节气门前的进气管道,没有进气泄漏(即没有未经检测的进气),而其他部分如增压压力控制、废气中冷系统等都没有任何的问题。
以故障现象(打火后怠速高低不稳儿次)来看,应该是进气哪里有漏气的地方所导致,但检查了所有外围地方,没有找到原因。如果其他地方没有问题(机油、机油滤),唯一的可能就是发动机由于某种原因需要学习,经过删除故障码(可以删除),证实是偶发故障。
学习操作,删除故障码后,踩加速踏板直到约1000r/min并保持该转速5s。松开加速踏板让转速降至怠速。执行该程序3次。开车10千米试车,故障码现次出现。再次删除后,熄火、学习,经多次试车,故障不再现。问题暂时解决。正在思考哪里有问题,却发现冷却液有泄漏现象,熄火检查冷却液后再启动车辆,突然车辆转速高达3000r/rnin以上,随后发动机故障灯点亮。再次用X431PRO检查发动机控制系统,发现故障码:
2D55 可调式凸轮轴控制装置、进气、冷机启动:无法调节;
2C58 增压压力调节:作为后续反应关闭。
在这两个故障码中,第一个是主因,第二个是衍生故障。删除故障码去试车,发现车辆动力明显不足,即故障码为真实发生。再次回顾所有的维修过程,确实没有违规操作,但经验告诉我们,2D55故障码很可能与机油压力有很大关系。在更换机油的时候,用了正品的嘉实多磁护机油,更换了品牌的机油格,由于之前遇到过多次由于机油滤导致的机油压力不足而亮机油灯的故障现象(大众、奥迪车居多),于是马上拆下机油滤清器,发现机油滤芯上有多圈这种格栅(原装机油滤没有此种格栅,如图3所示),用于加强机油滤的强度。经换回原车的机油滤清器后,删除故障码,跑一段距离,再检查,故障现象与故障码均没有出现,交车客户长途行驶400多千米后无任何故障,证实故障解决。
故障排除:更换原车的机油滤清器。
故障总结:
(1)综合此车的维修经历,此2D58故障码应该也是导致之前28A0故障码的原因,表现都为怠速高后才下落,然后才稳定下来。
(2)高档车维修过程中要非常用心,所用的配件也要是过得硬的,否则会导致严重的后续故障。本人曾经协助过机油供应商处理一个连续损坏事故:曾经有一个维修中高档车的维修厂,用的是正品的嘉实多机油,陆续有3辆高档车在更换机油后1个月左右凸轮轴瓦磨损发动机异响、加油无力,需要大修。当时厂方怀疑是机油问题,但第三方检测的结果显示机油没有问题,原因很可能就是用了不合格的机油滤清器导致机油压力不足。
(3)无论高档车或者是低档车,在维修前一定要试车,确定车辆的整体性能,以及在维修后一定要试车确认一切正常,否则有时候产生些问题无法说清楚是维修前就有,还是维修过程中导致,产生争议,影响声誉。
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