电动汽车最怕严寒了,不仅空调取暖需要耗费大量电能,电池包在冷态下性能也会受到影响,比如冬季的北京,电动车经过冷启动后,再次达到理想的工作温度需要耗费自身不少的电量,会导致实际可用于道路行驶的电量减少,最终导致很多电动汽车冬季续航里程大幅减小。
如果冷启动次数降低,冬季的续航就能得到一定改善。问题来了,将车辆在室外停放一夜之后,电池包降到环境温度了吗?或者说,停放了一夜之后,电池包“冻透”了吗?
近日,天际汽车公布了一组数据,可以供大家参考。2018年12月起,天际汽车旗下首款豪华电动SUV ME7于内蒙古牙克石进行了“三电系统冬季标定测试”、“热管理系统试验”、“ESP系统冬季标定测试”、“综合道路整车耐久测试”等工作。
其中一组数据引起了笔者的关注。天际汽车电池工程师毕冰冰说:“每晚,我都要守在车旁,进行电池包低温慢充的标定试验,车外环境温度须保持零下20℃以下,采集真实数据,进行标定,我们的电池包平均30分钟,降低温度1℃,北方用户在早上起来时,行车不需要开启热管理,车辆动力性能依然强劲。”
重点在这:-20°C条件下,电池包的温度平均每30分钟降低1℃。虽然这是天际ME7的测试数据,但是也可以供其它车主做为参考。
电池包正常工作时的温度一般在30℃左右,这意味着,在停驶后,如果室外的温度达到-20℃,平均需要25小时才会降低至环境温度。
而现实情况下,北京最冷的一个月温度也多在零下十度左右,而且上班族通勤车辆夜间停放时间最多也就12个小时,结合这两种有利因素,电池包的温度一般是在0度上的,甚至有可能维持在10℃左右。也就是说,如果您每天都驾驶电动车上下班,低温对续航的影响会相对小一些。
有些车主报怨车子实际续航偏低,可能是因为隔几天才开一次,这样车子“冻透”以后再次启动会耗费更多的电能来为电池包升温,对续航肯定是有不利影响的。因此,您在亲自调查车主口碑的时候,不能只听结果,一定要结合用车环境来判断其结论是否可以做为自己的购车参考。
(文/李佳晋)
原创文章,作者:cesifu,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.cesifu.com/article/14289.html
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