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变速箱油温过高,是常见的变速箱故障之一,油温过高会引发一系列问题,极端情况下,会严重损坏变速箱,甚至安全事故。
变速箱油温——以80°或者90°最佳
当变速箱油温超过115℃时,变速箱控制器的换挡逻辑(类似于电脑程序)会发生变化,为实现降温,换挡逻辑将增加在变矩器上的锁止力,同时限制变矩器打滑时的打滑次数,一旦温度回落到115℃及以下,换挡也将恢复正常状态。
一般来说,变速箱油温不会超过120°,以80°或者90°最佳,长期高于这个温度会加速衰减变速箱油的成分和可使用度。
变速箱油温过热——显示”Oo 135c”
车辆在正常行驶状态下其变速箱油温通常是低于135℃的,但当车辆被过度使用,譬如超负荷拖车,或在四驱模式设定在雪地行驶或越野模式时,车辆在液力变矩器过度打滑的状况下行驶,则可能造成变速箱油温达到135℃。
当变速箱油温达到135℃时,加装的变速箱油温过热提示系统将同时通过显示“Oo 135c”(注:“Oo”指“Oil Overheating”)信息和发出钟鸣声,以示预警。
预警的目的,是主动提醒用户停车挂空档拉手刹并保持发动机在怠速状况,从而使液体循环处于降温模式进行快速降温,直到警报讯号不再显示为止,此操作将避免因油温持续升高而存在的安全隐患。
变速箱油高温——失去润滑性能
如果用户在接收到预警后未能及时采取驻车行动,变速箱油温过热提示系统将持续发出警报,同时,变速箱油的润滑性能将随着油温的升高而减弱,当油温达到143℃时,变速箱油很可能失去润滑性能,这将导致变速箱内部元件由于摩擦过热而发生故障。
从预警发出时的135℃,到变速箱油或失去润滑性能时的143℃,两者相隔的时间,会依照实地驾驶条件不同而差异较大,在最极端情况行驶则相隔时间最短。
譬如,车辆若连续长时间(20分钟)深陷沙地且车轮转动缓慢,这时,从预警发出时起,到油温达到143℃,其相隔时间大约为25~35秒,一旦用户仍未及时采取有效行动,导致变速箱油温飙升并超过200℃,那么变速箱油将会沸腾甚至飞溅。
变速箱油高温,如何处理
1 / 定期清洗水箱
散热系统工作不良会导致很多问题,从变速箱出来的高温变速箱油,没有经过充分的冷却,就回到了变速箱,高速旋转的变扭器因为得不到良好的散热负荷会非常大。
变速箱油会因为高热造成粘度变化导致摩擦系数变低从而造成离合器的打滑,所以定期清洗水箱真的很重要。
2 / 购买正品有保障匹配变速箱的变速箱油
自动变速箱制造专家调查发现在变速器的维修过程当中,经常有使用了假油或是不符合质量标准的劣质油导致的变速器的故障的车辆,劣质油对变速器的影响是毁灭性的。
一般来讲,劣质油首先是流动性差,并在高温下结焦,造成离合器的结合速率变化引发换档品质下降,出现换档迟滞或冲击,进而会造成结合脱节,打滑甚至无法行驶,严重时会导致变速器报废。
3 / 定期更换车辆变速箱油
变速箱和发动机一样也需要定期更换油,不管是新车磨合还是老车的正常磨损,多多少少会磨下一些金属屑,这些金属屑大部分会被滤芯拦截。
不过太过于细小的金属屑还是会随着油路进入到我们的自动变速箱中,对一些机械部件造成损坏,所以养成良好的保养习惯,定期更换变速箱油,这样才能让爱车保持更好的工况。
原创文章,作者:cesifu,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.cesifu.com/article/64262.html
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