1、汽车构造:发动机、底盘、车身和电气设备四部分组成。
2、汽车发动机:发动机是汽车的动力装置。由机体、曲柄连杆机构、配气机构、冷却系、润滑系、燃料系和点火系(柴油机没有点火系)等组成。
a、发动机按燃料分:汽油和柴油发动机。
b、发动机按工作方式分:二冲程和四冲程,一般为四冲程发动机。
3、四冲程发动机的工作原理: 四冲程发动机是活塞往复四个行程完成。一个工作循环:进气、压缩、作功、排气四个过程。
4、四冲程柴油机和汽油机区分
a、相同点:一样经历进气、压缩、作功、排气的过程。
b、不同点:汽油机是点燃,柴油机是压燃。
5、冷却系:一般由水箱、水泵、散热器、风扇、节温器、水温表和放水开关组成。
a、汽车发动机冷却方式:即空气冷却和水冷却。
b、现在发动机多采用水冷却方式。
6、润滑系:发动机润滑系由机油泵、集滤器、机油滤清器、油道、限压阀、机油表、感压塞及油尺等组成。
7、燃料系:汽油机燃料系由汽油箱、汽油表、汽油管、汽油滤清器、汽油泵、化油器、空气滤清器和进排气歧管等组成。
8、化油器:是将汽油与空气以一定的比例混合为一种雾化气体的装置,这种雾化气体叫可燃混合气,及时适量供入气缸。
9、传动系:主要是由离合器、变速器、万向节、传动轴和驱动桥等组成。
10、离合路:作用是使发动机的动力与传动装置平稳地接合或暂时地分离,以便于驾驶员进行汽车的起步、停车、换档等操作。
12、变速器:由变速器壳、变速器盖、第一轴、第二轴、中间轴、倒档轴、齿轮、轴承、操纵机构等机件构成。这用于汽车变速、变输出扭矩。
13、行驶系:由车架、车桥、悬架和车轮等部分组成。它的基本功用是支持全车质量并保证汽车的行驶。
14、钢板弹簧:钢板弹簧的作用是使车架和车身与车轮或车桥之间保持弹性联系。
15、减震器:是当汽车受到震动冲击时使震动得
到缓和。减震器与钢板弹簧并联使用。
16、转向系:由方向盘、转向器、转向节、转向节臂、横拉杆、直拉杆等组成,作用是转向。
17、前轮定位:为了使汽车保持稳定直线行驶,转向轻便,减少汽车在行驶中轮胎和转向机件的磨损,前轮、转向主销、前轴三者之间的安装具有一定的相对位置,这就叫“前轮定位”。它包括主销后倾、 产销内倾、前轮前束。前束值是指两前轮的前边缘距离小于后边缘距离的差值。
齐鲁晚报·齐鲁壹点整理
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