近两年三缸机车型不断出现在人们的视野中,越来越多的汽车厂商推出三缸车,例如通用别克,吉利领克,其中连宝马和沃尔沃等豪华品牌也不断推出三缸机车型。
众所周知,三缸机由于天然的设计的原因,存在着抖动的问题,那么为何三缸机会抖动,为何越来越多的三缸机出现呢?三缸机到底能不能买呢?
要了解这些问题,请听我细细说来。
三缸机的发展历史:
回看三缸机的发展历史,第一辆量产的三缸车型铃木fronte在1979年诞生,以小排量,低功耗著称,再回看我国的三缸机发展历史,也就是为啥我们天天黑“三缸机”的原因,第一辆是来自于夏利“代步车”,也许现在没有开过夏利的人们,体会不到老三缸机的驾驶感受,概括起来就就三个字“非常抖”。
为何三缸机会抖:
众所周知,四冲程发动机要完成一个工作循环(进气、压缩、做功、排气),发动机曲轴就要旋转2圈,2圈是720度,所有四冲程发动机都是这样的工作循环。四缸发动机完成一个工作循环,每个气缸都会点火一次,而每个气缸点火时总有另一个气缸在同时做功,两个气缸同时做功,产生的力矩是平衡的。
而四冲程三缸发动就就完全不同了,三缸发动机完成一个工作循环,同样是每个气缸点火一次,但是由于气缸数量是奇数,三缸发动机工作时总有一个气缸在单独做功,产生的惯性力矩得不到抵消,抖动就这样产生了。所有奇数缸发动机都存在这个问题,五缸也一样,只不过五缸的没三缸那么明显罢了。
搭载三缸机的主流汽车厂商:
吉利的领克02,03,通用在全新的别克英朗及GL6上,都全系装配了三缸发动机,除了通用和吉利,宝马最新宝马X1上,同样开始使用三缸发动机,虽然宝马团队对三缸发动机的力矩不平衡做出了很大的改变,但还是那句话抖动只能降低不能减小,在怠速情况下,抖动依然可以感受的到。不仅仅是这些汽车厂在布局三缸发动机,PSA、福特、本田等世界级主流企业也都针对三缸发动机做出不少的研发工作,新思域、408、福克斯这些全球车型也都先人一步的步入三缸机领域。纵然冒着销量下滑的风险也要为自己的三缸发动机战略铺平道路。
那么问题就来了,既然三缸机这么抖,用户感受如此之差,为什么越来越多的汽车厂家却推崇呢?
其实在做三缸机主要有以下几个原因:
1.应对国家排放标准
在国外,为了应对欧洲的排放标准,很多的车企都在三缸的路上走了好远,而目前国内的全新国IV标准将会在2020年实行,届时将会将标准设置为5L/100km,所以为了降低排放,减少缸数、发动机小型化是其中一个有效途径。
2.发展技术
事实上,目前国外部分厂家已经有了三缸机的研发成功的经验,这也使得其在发动机技术领域有了质的提升,更加的成熟领先,为了追赶对手,很多的厂家也开始了研发三缸技术的领域。
3.发动机小型化已成趋势
在前10年,为了追求动力,发动机是在不断的发展大排量自吸,从6缸到16缸一致都是往上走,但是近十年开始,就开始不断的从大排量自吸转变为缩减排量加涡轮增压,从V12转变为V8,V8变V6,V6变L4,所以L4变L3也是时代的趋势。
三缸机到底能不能买呢?
其实对于三缸发动机的质疑无非是抖动的原因,目前针对抖动,车企目前都会用到类似于机械手表中的钟摆双质量飞轮,和平衡轴橡胶减震轮来减少震动,其中通用为了三缸机设计了全新的钢体结构,也是运用了钟摆式的飞轮等措施去降低共振。
目前的这些技术可以说算是成熟了,但种种措施都是降低抖动,难以完全消除抖动,抖动问题依然存在,同时三缸机的抖动也和整车匹配和调校有关,至于能不能买,建议等待市场的这些车型反馈出的质量效果,同时汽车厂商也会不断去优化这些问题。
未来趋势:
三缸发动机的未来发展趋势,向电动化、智能化、节能化,的方向发展。同时三缸发动机热效率高,可与电动机组成混动系统。动力方面,低转速扭矩高,与电动机形成动力输出互补,改善车辆平顺性,随着抖动问题的不断优化,三缸发动机在国内外汽车市场的比重会不断提升。汽车干货,这样的电动汽车不会“自燃”,您了解吗?
本期先说到这,欢迎大家关注我,新一代汽车人, 后期将为大家带来更多的汽车干货。
原创文章,作者:cesifu,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.cesifu.com/article/28600.html
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