排查步骤
步骤一:钥匙上电,插上解码器,使用解码器进入系统读取车辆的故障码。解码器读取出两个当前故障,分别为P0341,凸轮轴信号干扰或丢失;P0336,曲轴信号干扰或丢失。
步骤二:根据读取的两个故障码可以知道,ECU获取不了曲轴和凸轮轴同步信号;分析原因可能是曲轴信号盘/传感器、凸轮轴信号盘/传感器有问题,或线路方面存在虚接,发动机正时不同步等,从而导致车子难起动。
步骤三:钥匙下电,拔下曲轴传感器插头。钥匙上电,使用万用表测量传感器的开路电压,分别为2.5V、2.5V、0V。从共轨之家APP找到电路图,找到曲轴传感器部分,对比过后,针脚电压正确。使我怀疑是曲轴传感器出现了问题,于是更换了一个新的曲轴传感器。更换后,故障依旧,车还是不能启动。
步骤四:用解码器重新读取故障码,此时当前故障只有P0341,凸轮轴信号干扰或丢失,而故障码P0336就没有出现了。从而使我怀疑曲轴和凸轮轴传感器同时出现了问题。对于现存的P0341这个故障码进行分析,可能是凸轮轴传感器、线路、正时出现了问题。
步骤五:钥匙下电,拔下凸轮轴传感器插头。钥匙上电,使用万用表测量传感器的开路电压,测得的电压为5V、4.5V、0V。与找到的针脚电压对比,电压都是正确的。线路不存在问题,就以为是凸轮轴传感器出现了问题,于是更换一个新的凸轮轴传感器,试车后故障还是一样,依旧不能启动。
步骤六:使用解码器再次读取故障码,当前故障依然是P0341,凸轮轴信号干扰或丢失,从而怀疑可能是发动机正时出现了问题,难道跳齿了?使用专用工具拆开正时摇到正确位置(此发动机是双凸轮轴和曲轴定位孔定位),重新对上定位后,凸轮轴和曲轴都可以对上,且没有跳齿。
步骤七:排除了凸轮轴传感器问题、线路问题、正时问题,就想着难道是电脑板坏了?为了不耽误时间,拿来一个新的电脑板装上,但是启动车子还是不能启动。用解码器读取故障码还是P0341,凸轮轴信号干扰或丢失。
步骤八:根据解码器报出的故障描述,报出凸轮轴信号干扰,于是直接从电脑板飞线到凸轮轴传感器插头。为了防止信号干扰启动,直接将凸轮轴传感器的线路两头都剪断,重新接好新的线路。但是重新尝试启动,车子还是不能起动。
步骤九:传感器、线路、电脑板都更换过了,故障维修遇到瓶颈期。打开手机,查阅共轨之家相关的资料与故障案例,了解到这种发动机不用凸轮轴信号也能正常启动,于是拔下凸轮轴传感器,尝试启动车辆,还是不能启动。此时用解码器读取故障码为P0340,没有检测到凸轮轴信号。插上凸轮轴传感器,解码器报P0341,凸轮轴信号丢失或干扰。
步骤十:考虑到这辆车没有凸轮轴也可正常启动,那么车辆的启动必须是以曲轴信号为基准从而进行喷油启动,但曲轴传感器更换过,排除了曲轴传感器的问题,那么就怀疑应该是曲轴信号盘出现了问题。
步骤十一:为了不走弯路且拆装工程也比较大,于是使用示波器观察曲轴传感器的输出信号波形,发现曲轴位置传感器的信号波动有明显异常。从曲轴信号波形来看,在1缸上止点“缺齿”的后面有一个多的“缺齿”。是发动机控制单元无法分辨哪个是“真”哪个是“假”。当发动机控制单元将“假缺齿”当“真”的,这时候发动机是无法启动的。
步骤十二: 拆下曲轴信号盘,更换新的曲轴信号盘,重新启动车辆,车辆顺利启动。为了防止故障复发,多次反复试车,故障都没再出现,问题得到解决。
小贴士:
曲轴位置传感器是通过检测曲轴信号轮上的磁隙变化来产生信号的,并通过“缺齿”来表示曲轴对应1缸活塞达到上止点时的位置。由于发动机1个工作循环曲轴要转2圈,所以仅靠曲轴位置传感器就无法判断曲轴当下究竟处在哪个冲程。而在同一工作循环内,凸轮轴却只转1圈。这样曲轴所处的冲程就可由凸轮轴位置来确定了。而实现这一配合的前提是,曲轴位置传感器信号与凸轮轴位置传感器信号之间必须保持同步。
原创文章,作者:cesifu,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.cesifu.com/article/1219.html
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