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中新网9月12日电 近日,中国人民大学劳动人事学院课题组发布了《滴滴平台就业体系与就业数量测算报告》(以下简称《报告》)。《报告》称,2018年,滴滴出行平台在国内共带动1826万个就业机会,其中包括网约车、代驾等直接就业机会1194.3万个,还间接带动了汽车生产、销售、加油及维保等就业机会631.7万个。后者是滴滴平台对出行行业上下游间接带动的就业机会和岗位。
据了解,直接就业类型主要是指通过滴滴平台的具体业务模块直接带动的就业机会,包括滴滴平台自身就业和网约车、代驾、单车、车服等业务相关就业。间接带动就业类型主要是指通过滴滴平台运营的网约车带动的相关上下游行业的就业,主要分为汽车制造、汽车销售、汽车维保、汽车加油充电、和汽车保险。
《报告》分析认为,以滴滴平台为代表的出行行业的数字化升级和改造,对就业的带动作用非常明显。平台的业态更加丰富与多元化,带动的就业机会数量和就业形态呈现出了逐渐向整个产业链延伸的特点。在网约车司机就业的基础上,滴滴平台对出行行业上下游就业机会的带动作用也展现出了逐渐增强的趋势。
除了带动国内就业机会,滴滴平台积极响应国家“一带一路”倡议,在“一带一路”沿线国家上线网约车等业务,带来就业机会。滴滴突破海外出行市场的模式,陆续在巴西、墨西哥、澳大利亚等国家开展业务。2018年,有93.6万名网约车司机在海外通过滴滴平台获得收入。
《报告》同时显示,通过对整个出行行业的数字化升级改造,滴滴催生了一大批新的就业形态,具体包括网约车司机、司机服务经理、自动驾驶路测安全管理员、自动驾驶测试驾驶员等,这些新的就业形态丰富了整个出行行业的就业生态,是平台型企业带动就业的新增长点。
据了解,2019年滴滴平台的司机服务经理总数预计在2000人左右,他们服务全平台千万网约车司机,提升司机服务水平和乘客乘车体验,这已成为滴滴平台新就业形态中的重要组成部分。同时,滴滴日前对外宣布了自动驾驶研发与测试提速的信息,自动驾驶测试驾驶员有望成为“香饽饽”。
除此以外,还有机场接机员、共享单车和电单车运维人员、代驾司机等新职业,目前数量在迅速增长,未来蕴含着较大的吸纳就业潜力。
对此,课题组组长、中国人民大学劳动人事学院院长杨伟国表示,数字经济的兴起为大量从业者创造了新的就业形态,新就业形态不仅提供了大量的工作机会,还呈现出巨大的分布式效应。今年《政府工作报告》明确要求加强对灵活就业、新就业形态的支持,便是对我国就业市场发展趋势的科学回应,也是对新就业形态对我国就业贡献的充分肯定。
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