大千世界,万紫千红。
发动机是一个生硬的机械部件,本不该有太多颜色,但是有时也会散发出令人头疼的色彩。
发动机冒蓝烟、白烟、黑烟这几个现象很多修车师傅都遇到过,今天我们就来系统的总结一下导致出现这三种现象的原因。
01 | 发动机冒蓝烟
燃料中混入了机油就会导致车辆排蓝烟,
有哪些原因会导至机油混入燃料呢?
1、油底壳机油液面过高,在车辆运行中飞溅到气缸内壁上的机油过多,有部分残留在燃烧室内燃烧而冒蓝烟。造成机油液面过高的原因又有哪些呢?
①机油加注过多
②油底壳进水。缸体漏水,机油散热器损坏导致冷却水进入油底壳,也会导致机油变质乳化。进一步会导致发动机的润滑系统出现问题,造成零部件磨损等一系列严重问题。
③喷油器油嘴磨损漏油,没燃烧的油顺着气缸壁滴到油底壳,导致机油液面升高。
2、增压器是需要机油润滑的,如果机油泄露,随着进气一起进入气缸燃烧,就会导致车辆冒蓝烟。同时,由于增压器漏油,会有很多油泥附着在进气压力传感器上面,导致传感器测量有偏差,影响车辆的动力性。
3、活塞环密封不好。串气,曲轴箱废气增多,机油大量上窜至燃烧室。活塞环切口位置不要有重合。
4、气门摇臂的位置需要机油润滑,如果气门,气门导管有磨损,也会有机油顺着气门滴入到气缸内。
02 | 发动机冒白烟
发动机冒的白烟分成两种,一种是水蒸气产生的白烟,另一种是柴油蒸气。
发动机机体是需要冷却液冷却的, 所以,如果冷却水漏入气缸。气缸垫密封不良或气缸盖底部裂缝,水套中的冷却水漏入气缸,会导致发动机冒白烟。
对于柴油引发的白烟。在天气寒冷的时候,部分柴油未能着火燃烧冒白烟。白烟随发动机温度提高而自行消失,属正常情况。
03 | 发动机冒黑烟
车辆冒黑烟的现象是比较常见的。对于车辆冒黑烟,我们应该考虑哪些呢?
①从油路方面来看,首先考虑的肯定是油品问题了,如果到小加油站,加了劣质油,很可能会造成冒黑烟的现象。喷油器的问题,喷油器磨损漏油,喷油量不对,喷油时刻不对
②从气路方面来看,如果进排气有堵塞,造成燃料中空气少,柴油多,油燃烧不完全。就会出现冒黑烟的情况。
从上面这张图我们就可以看出哪些部件出故障会影响进气的供油。
比如空气滤清器堵塞。增压器有故障,导致增压压力低,进气量少。
中冷器堵塞,或者中冷器的冷却效果不好,导致进气温度高,密度变小,从而实际进入气缸的空气少。
进气压力传感器有故障,报出过高的进气压力,让ECU误以为进了很多空气,从而多喷了一些油,而实际的进气量不多,造成油多气少的情况。
在排气部分,如果排气管堵塞,气体排不出去,进气肯定会受到干扰。
就像人便秘,吃进来的东西排不出去,再去吃东西肯定吃不下。
· The End ·
原创文章,作者:cesifu,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.cesifu.com/article/42516.html
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