离合器踏板是手动挡汽车离合器总成的操纵装置,其操作正确与否,直接影响着汽车的起步、换挡和停车。
一、离合器作用
离合器由摩擦片、弹簧片、压盘、输出轴、离合器踏板等操纵机构组成,布置在发动机与变速箱之间,用来将发动机飞轮上储存的力矩传递给变速器,保证车辆在不同的行驶状况下传递给驱动轮适量的驱动力和扭矩。在半联动的时候,离合器的动力输入端与动力输出端允许有转速差,也就是通过其转速差来实现传递适量的动力。
二、 汽车离合器正确操作方法
1、起步时的操作方法:起步之前,最好试一脚离合器踏板,体会一下离合器踏板的自由行程、工作行程和踏板的脚感。起步时,踩下离合器踏板将离合器分离,抬起离合器踏板时,按“一快、二慢、三联动”的要领操作。即踏板抬起的过程分三个阶段,开始快抬,当离合器出现半联动(此时发动机声音有变化、转速表转速降低)时,踏板抬起的速度稍慢,由半联动到完全结合的过程,将踏板慢慢抬起。在离合器踏板抬起的同时,根据发动机阻力大小逐渐踩下油门踏板,使汽车平稳起步。油门的操作要平稳适当。
2、换档时的操作方法:在行使中换档时,操纵离合器踏板应迅速踩下并抬起,不要出现半联动现象,否则,会加速离合器的磨损,操作时注意与油门配合。为使换档平顺,减轻变速器的换档机构和离合器的磨损,提倡使用“两脚离合器换档法”。即增档时,踩下离合器踏板的同时将变速杆换到高一档位上,在减档时,踩下离合器踏板的同时变速杆换到空档,抬起离合器踏板同时按车速情况适当加一脚空油,然后再次踩下离合器踏板,同时将变速杆换到低速档上。
由于小型车都有齿轮同步器,故加、减档时理论上无须采用两脚离合操作。但在实际操作中,减档时使用两脚离合提高了操控合理性,对车辆是很有好处的(通过两脚离合操作,将两个档位的转速变得一致,有效延长同步齿轮环的寿命,并将换档齿轮撞击声减至最低。尤其运行中2档转换1档,必须使用两脚离合)。
3、刹车时的操作方法 在汽车的行车中,除速度在20km/h以下制动停车需要踩下离合器踏板外,其他任意情况下制动都不要踩下离合器踏板。因为汽车在中、高车速制动时,踩下离合器踏板对改善汽车的制动能力丝毫无助,还会给行车安全带来危险。而在低速行车中制动停车时,踩下离合器踏板的目的仅仅是为防止发动机熄火。这时正确的操纵方法是先踩下制动踏板,然后再踩下离合器踏板,使汽车平稳地停下来。
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